Bird Banding-The Hard Way

Learning the hard way :

Conversational inferences: the hard way and the easy way

This paper proposes a general theory of conversational inferences which distinguishes two kinds of inferences: the hard way and the easy way. The theory accounts for a wider range of non-literal utterance meanings than Gricean and relevance theories and is motivated by the types of utterances in which the hearer fails to infer non-

The Way of the Transgressor Is Hard.

Planning For Web Services the Hard Way

In this paper we outline a framework for performing automated discovery, composition and execution of web services based solely on the information available in interface descriptions and service directories. In our framework we do not rely on the existence of semantic mark-up in service descriptions, thus making our approach “hard”. (From a planning perspective, we tackle the problem of plannin...

The ‘standardized search’: An improved way to conduct bird surveys

Bird surveys are among the most widely used biodiversity inventories and serve as the basis for an increasing proportion of pure and applied ecological research. It is rarely possible to conduct exhaustive censuses of all individuals present at a particular site, so stopping rules are routinely used to determine when sampling should finish. Most bird survey methods use (implicit) effort-based s...